Evaluation of Community Restaurants Linked to Government Food and Nutrition Safety Programs: A Scope Review.

Community restaurants linked to government food and nutritional security programs are establishments created to offer meals to the population in socially vulnerable situations. The objective was to identify the methods, approaches, criteria, and indicators used to evaluate restaurants linked to government food and nutrition security programs. A scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology and the international guide's recommendations of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews was conducted. Medline databases via PubMed, Lilacs, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were used. Primary observational studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, ethnographies, documentary studies, and case studies were included, with a quantitative, qualitative, and/or mixed approach. A total of 2498 studies were identified. After taking out 180 duplicated articles, another 2202 articles were excluded by the title. Among the 71 studies selected for complete reading, 10 did not correlate with the research objective, and 12 were included after analyzing the references, totaling 73 included studies. In this review, evaluative approaches were mapped and systematized on the menu, food consumption, food health, food security and/or insecurity, nutritional education, and human right to adequate food; users' profile and health, implantation, history, perceptions, senses, and meanings; handlers/workers; hygienic-sanitary quality; evaluation and monitoring; physical-functional planning, and rest-intake. The presented data provide elements that can be adapted in future evaluations and describe the panorama of academic production in this area.

Influence of Occupational Stress on the Body Mass Index of Hospital Workers: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to identify the influence of occupational stress on the body mass index of hospital workers. After registering the protocol at PROSPERO (CRD42022331846), we started this systematic review following a search in seven databases, gray literature, as well as manual search and contact with specialists. The selection of studies was performed independently by two evaluators following the inclusion criteria: observational studies evaluating adult hospital workers, in which occupational stress was considered exposure and body composition as a result. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklist. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation to grade the certainty of the evidence. Qualitative results were presented and synthesized through a qualitative approach, with simplified information in a narrative form. A total of 12 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. This review comprised 10,885 workers (2312 men; 1582 women; and 6991 workers whose gender was not identified). Ten studies were carried out only with health workers, and two included workers from other sectors besides health workers. This review showed a relationship between occupational stress and changes in body mass index in hospital workers. However, most studies presented a moderate or high risk of bias and low quality of the evidence. These findings can be useful for clinical practice, administrators and leaders and provide insights for future research in the field of worker health in the hospital setting.

Dietary Patterns, Occupational Stressors and Body Composition of Hospital Workers: A Longitudinal Study Comparing before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and the body composition of hospital workers subjected to occupational stressors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on sociodemographic, occupational, lifestyle, anthropometric, food consumption and occupational stress were collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 218 workers from a private hospital in Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil were included in the study. After evaluating the normality of the data, parametric or non-parametric tests were used to characterize the sample. Dietary pattern was defined with Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the desired association. During the pandemic, work per shift increased by 8.2% (p = 0.004) and working hours > 40 h/week increased by 9.2% (p = 0.006). Despite the higher prevalence of low occupational stress (85.8% vs. 72.1%), high stress increased by 13.7% from 2019 to 2020 (p < 0.001) and 30.3% reported a positive mediating effect on the variables of body composition, body mass index (b = 0.478; p < 0.001), waist circumference (b = 0.395; p = 0.001), fat-free mass (b = 0.440; p = 0.001) and fat mass (b = -0.104; p = 0.292). Therefore, a dietary pattern containing high-calorie foods was associated with changes in the body composition of hospital workers, including occupational stressors as mediators of this relationship.

Literature-based occurrences data of marine species in Venezuela.

Background: Venezuela has suffered a severe academic and research management crisis and funding opportunities for marine research and data management have been practically absent. This has worsened over the past five years and, as a result, libraries and other institutional spaces have been repeatedly vandalised, with hundreds of records, specimens and historical data stolen, destroyed or burned. To avoid the loss of irreplaceable data on Venezuelan biodiversity, an initiative was promoted, aimed at digitising information to create a rich dataset of biodiversity records, with emphasis on marine protected areas for the country, as well as to fill gaps in the distribution and status of marine biodiversity in Venezuela. Nighteen (19) institutions in the country focusing on marine science have consistently produced a wealth of information about Venezuela's marine biodiversity in the form of specimen collections, unpublished sampled data and research theses through the work of hundreds of researchers and students. An inventory of available data sources at these national institutions was conducted under the National Biodiversity Data Mobilization Grant and the Biodiversity Information for Development Program, together with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) support. All recovered and processed datasets were published in the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) repositories. New information: This occurrences data collection represents a major contribution to the marine biodiversity inventory in Venezuela. It is based on numerous published papers, reports, books and checklists provided by experts, covering a broad taxonomic collection from which we obtained species occurrences (present and absent), organised into 59 datasets containing 40,881 records. This represents a 28.49% contribution to the records of the Venezuelan marine biodiversity reported to the OBIS (143,513 records in the OBIS until November 2022). The extracted data showed 3,041 marine species, with representatives of each of the six kingdoms: Animalia, Chromista, Bacteria, Plantae, Fungi and Protozoa. The datasets provide information on occurrence since 1822, extending the temporal coverage of the species occurrence inventory for Venezuela, which was established in 1879 before this project. The number of records for Venezuela increased by 41.3% compared with the data available before the project. Most of the occurrences (63.47%) were registered in Marine Protected Areas. Data collection included records of non-native species, descriptions of new species and species listed under different IUCN categories.

Associação entre ingestão de bebida alcoólica e estado antropométrico de universitários / Association between alcohol consumption and anthropometric status of university students

Introdução: objetivamos avaliar associação entre ingestão de bebida alcoólica e estado antropométrico em estudantes que frequentam Restaurante Universitário. Metodologia: estudo transversal com 155 universitários em que foi avaliado o consumo de bebida alcoólica, frequência do consumo, tempo de consumo, quantidade e hábitos adotados enquanto bebiam. As medidas antropométricas realizadas foram estatura, peso, circunferência da cintura, circunferência do quadril e quatro dobras cutâneas (tricipital, bicipital, subescapular e suprailíaca). Para análise, realizamos estatística descritiva, o teste de qui-quadrado de independência para as proporções entre os grupos e a diferença entre as médias das medidas antropométricas de acordo a quantidade de bebida alcoólica consumida foi avaliada pelo teste ANOVA. Foram considerados significantes valores de p<0,05. Resultados: dos universitários, 63,87% eram bebedores, 23,2% dos bebedores estavam com excesso de peso, 21,2% apresentaram circunferência da cintura com risco elevado e percentual de gordura em excesso em ambos os grupos (77,8% vs. 73,2). Identificamos diferença estatisticamente para a circunferência da cintura entre o tempo de consumo (p=0,003) e entre o percentual de gordura corporal de acordo com a quantidade de bebida alcoólica consumida (p=0,001). Conclusão: o estado antropométrico dos universitários que consumiam bebida alcoólica apresentou alta frequência de excesso de peso e risco de complicações metabólicas associadas à obesidade, mesmo que sem significações estatísticas para as associações testadas.

Introduction: we aimed to evaluate the association between alcohol intake and anthropometric status in students who attend the University Restaurant. Methodology: cross-sectional study with 155 university students in which the consumption of alcoholic beverages, frequency of consumption, consumption time, quantity and habits adopted while drinking were evaluated. The anthropometric measurements taken were height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and four skinfolds (triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac). For analysis, we performed descriptive statistics, the chi-square test of independence for proportions between groups and the difference between the means of anthropometric measures according to the amount of alcoholic beverage consumed was evaluated by the ANOVA test. Significant values of p<0.05 were considered. Results: of the college students, 63.87% were drinkers, 23.2% of the drinkers were overweight, 21.2% high risk waist dissipation and fat percentage in both groups (77.8% vs. 73 ,two). We identified a statistically significant difference for waist circumference between consumption time (p = 0.003) and between body fat percentage according to the amount of alcoholic beverage consumed (p = 0.001). Conclusion: the anthropometric status of college students who drank alcoholic beverages presented a high frequency of weight and risk of metabolic complications associated with obesity, even if without statistical significance for the tested associations.

A new species of shrimp, genus Ambidexter Manning & Chace, 1971 (Decapoda: Processidae), from southeastern Caribbean Sea, Venezuela, with key to genus.

A new species of processid shrimp, Ambidexter cochensis sp. nov. is described from Venezuela, on the basis of several specimens collected in seagrass beds at a depth less than 1 m. This new species is closely related to A. swifti Abele, 1972 from eastern Pacific, which mainly differs by the number of carpal articles of the second pereiopod, the setation pattern on the telson and the structure of the appendix masculina of the male second pleopod. A key to genus is presented.

Occupational Risks in Hospitals, Quality of Life, and Quality of Work Life: A Systematic Review.

This study systematically reviewed the relationship between occupational risks and quality of life (QoL) and quality of work life (QWL) in hospitals. A systematic review was performed according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guide, and the protocol was submitted on the PROSPERO website (CRD 2019127865). The last search was performed in June 2021 by two independent reviewers in the main databases, a gray literature database, and a manual search (LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Ovid). As eligibility criteria, we included observational studies, with adult hospital workers, with no restrictions on date and language, any type of instrument to assess QoL and QWL, any definition of QoL and QWL, and studies that presented the relationship between exposure and outcome. Newcastle-Ottawa was used to assess the methodological quality and RTI-Item Bank to assess the risk of bias. Given the impossibility of performing a meta-analysis, a qualitative synthesis was used to present the results. Thus, 11 studies met the criteria and were included in the review, with 6923 individuals aged 18 to 64 years. The studies were mainly carried out with health professionals (81.81%), women (63.60%), and in Asian countries (63.63%). All studies used different instruments and ways to categorize the QoL and QWL, and occupational risks. Only one study assessed occupational noise and another the ergonomic risk. All of them presented a relationship between occupational risk and quality of work life. They pointed to the need for measures to improve the lives of these professionals in the work environment. Therefore, studies show a relationship between occupational risks (noise, ergonomics, and stress) and workers' perception of low or moderate quality of work life. However, more homogeneous studies are necessary for instruments, conceptualization, and categorization of quality of work life.

The anatomy of the brain - learned over the centuries.

This article reports the evolution and consolidation of the knowledge of neuroanatomy through the analysis of its history. Thus, we propose to describe in a historical review to summarize the main theories and concepts that emerged throughout brain anatomy history and understand how the socio-historical context can reflect on the nature of scientific knowledge. Therefore, among the diverse scientists, anatomists, doctors, and philosophers who were part of this history, there was a strong influence of the studies of Claudius Galen (AD 129-210), Leonardo da Vinci (1452- 1519), Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564), Franciscus Sylvius (1614-1672), Luigi Rolando (1773-1831), Pierre Paul Broca (1824-1880), Carl Wernicke (1848-1905), Korbinian Brodmann (1868-1918), Wilder Penfield (1891-1976), Mahmut Gazi Yasargil (1925), and Albert Loren Rhoton Jr. (1932-2016) on the fundamentals of neuroanatomy.

Condição higienicossanitária de unidade distribuidora de refeições transportadas: estudo de caso em universidade baiana / Hygienicosanitary condition of transported meat distribution unit: case study in baiana university

Este estudo avaliou as condições higienicossanitárias na distribuição de refeições transportadas. Para tanto utilizou-se uma lista de verificação própria, composta por 106 itens distribuídos em nove blocos, os quais foram pontuados e classificados em cinco grupos, que variou de crítico a excelente. A unidade distribuidora em estudo obteve escore global de 84,4% de adequação, sendo considerada em boas condições de higiene. Foram avaliadas oito semanas, sendo que a segunda e quarta semanas que obtiveram os escores menores, mas ainda assim foram classificados com bom. Observa-se que o nível de adequação, entre os itens se repetem durante as semanas, dados os escores obtidos em cada módulo, levando a crer que como foram identificados as falhas será possível a realização de intervenções pontuais, para o alcance nos níveis de excelência do serviço.

Condições de higiene na etapa do transporte de refeições prontas para consumo / Hygiene conditions in the transportation stage of consumption-supplied meals

Este estudo procurou caracterizar e verificar o nível de adequação das condições de higiene envolvidos no processo de transporte de refeições prontas para consumo em refeitório de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior (IFES), para tanto foi aplicada uma lista de verificação estruturada pelo grupo de pesquisa baseado na RDC n°216 e n°275 composto por seis módulos. Os dados foram pontuados e classificados em cinco grupos, que variou de crítico a excelente. De forma geral, a classificação obtida foi regular e 50% dos blocos avaliados foram classificados como insatisfatório ou regular, indicando inconformidades, sobretudo relativas a graves situações que potencializam a contaminação e proliferação microbiana, como ausência de rotina no monitoramento da temperatura e de uso de substâncias para sanitização do veículo de transporte, como também o controle de saúde e procedimentos do condutor do veículo de transporte.

Condições higienicossanitárias de unidade distribuidora de refeições transportadas / Hygienic-sanitary conditions of transported distribution unit

Foi avaliado as condições higienicossanitárias de uma Unidade Distribuidora - UD de refeições transportadas do serviço de alimentação de uma universidade pública. Para tanto utilizou-se uma lista de verificação própria, composta por 107 itens distribuídos em nove blocos, os quais foram pontuados e classificados em cinco grupos, que variou de crítico a excelente. A UD avaliada foi classificada em nível satisfatório, com 88% de adequação no escore global, os conceitos obtidos entre os módulos variaram entre Bom e Excelente, tendo menor pontuação para o módulo III Distribuição. Observou-se que em seis módulos ainda podem ser realizadas melhorias para que o processo envolvendo a refeição transportada alcance excelência e o serviço garanta a segurança sanitária das refeições distribuídas.

Condições sanitárias no transporte de refeições prontas para consumo: comparação entre dois refeitórios / Hygiene conditions for the process of transport of ready meals: comparison two university bureau

O estudo visou comparar e avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias no transporte de refeições prontas para consumo em dois refeitórios localizados em Instituição de Ensino Superior com uso de checklist construído baseado nas RDC n°216 e n°275, para análise dos aspectos: carga e descarga; controle e monitoramento das refeições; utensílios e equipamento usados; veículo de transporte; higiene e sanitização do veículo; saúde e condições de higiene do condutor do veículo. Os dados foram pontuados e classificados em cinco grupos variando de crítico a excelente. O escore global da “empresa S” foi de 64,2 e o da “empresa R” 66,7 sendo ambas categorizadas como regular, não havendo distanciamento discrepante na categorização dos resultados em quatro dos seis módulos analisados. Apenas os módulos III e VI diferiram na classificação. Com isso, há necessidade de as empresas procederem planos de intervenção para melhoria da qualidade sanitária e sensorial das refeições prontas para consumo.

Monitoramento da temperatura de refeições transportadas destinadas a estudantes universitários de Salvador-BA / Monitoring the temperature of transported meals intended for university students of Salvador-BA

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a temperatura dos alimentos da refeição transportada na etapa do envase. Foram aferidas 301 observações da temperatura utilizando termômetros em haste de aço inoxidável, digital da marca Minipa, com faixa de medição -10°C a 200°C com precisão de 2ºC. A técnica utilizada foi à recomendada pela Associação Brasileira das Empresas de Refeições Coletivas. Foram calculadas as médias, frequências e desvio padrão e comparadas às temperaturas recomendadas pela Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada nº216 e do Centro de Vigilância Sanitária nº5. Todas as preparações da cadeia aquecida atendiam o que preconizam as legislações em vigência, com médias de temperaturas de 63°C no acondicionamento em caixa hotbox. Na cadeia refrigerada, mais de 96% das preparações estavam com temperaturas acima do proposto pela legislação.

Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição hospitalar: identificação dos pontos críticos de controle e pontos de controle

Dentre os padrões de qualidade que as Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição precisam garantir ao comensal estão a segurança microbiológica, física e química das refeições. Estes serviços precisam buscar meios para evitar que eventos adversos ocorram. Este estudo objetivou identificar os Pontos de Controle e Pontos Críticos de Controle nas etapas do processo produtivo de refeições em uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição hospitalar, entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2018 utilizando lista de verificação, o protocolo preconizado pelo Guia de elaboração do plano APPCC, além de observação direta realizada in loco. Assim, encontraram-se na maioria dos setores apenas pontos de controle e as devidas medidas tomadas. Contudo, frente ao tipo de serviço apresentado, os cuidados no preparo e oferta alimentar devem ser redobrados, diante do estado de saúde apresentado pelo público a ser atendido.

Among the quality standards that the Food and Nutrition Units must guarantee to the diner are the microbiological, physical and chemical safety of meals. These services need to find ways to prevent these events from occurring. This study aimed to identify Control Points and Critical Control Points in the stages of the productive process of meals in a Hospital Nutrition and Nutrition Unit, between January and February of 2018 using a checklist, the protocol recommended by the HACCP plan elaboration guide, in addition to direct observation performed in loco. Thus, in most sectors, only control points and the appropriate measures taken were found. However, in view of the type of service presented, care in the preparation and provision of food must become more refined, given the state of health presented by the public to be attended.

Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição hospitalar: identificação dos pontos críticos de controle e pontos de controle

Dentre os padrões de qualidade que as Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição precisam garantir ao comensal estão a segurança microbiológica, física e química das refeições. Estes serviços precisam buscar meios para evitar que eventos adversos ocorram. Este estudo objetivou identificar os Pontos de Controle e Pontos Críticos de Controle nas etapas do processo produtivo de refeições em uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição hospitalar, entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2018 utilizando lista de verificação, o protocolo preconizado pelo Guia de elaboração do plano APPCC, além de observação direta realizada in loco. Assim, encontraram-se na maioria dos setores apenas pontos de controle e as devidas medidas tomadas. Contudo, frente ao tipo de serviço apresentado, os cuidados no preparo e oferta alimentar devem ser redobrados, diante do estado de saúde apresentado pelo público a ser atendido.

Among the quality standards that the Food and Nutrition Units must guarantee to the diner are the microbiological, physical and chemical safety of meals. These services need to find ways to prevent these events from occurring. This study aimed to identify Control Points and Critical Control Points in the stages of the productive process of meals in a Hospital Nutrition and Nutrition Unit, between January and February of 2018 using a checklist, the protocol recommended by the HACCP plan elaboration guide, in addition to direct observation performed in loco. Thus, in most sectors, only control points and the appropriate measures taken were found. However, in view of the type of service presented, care in the preparation and provision of food must become more refined, given the state of health presented by the public to be attended.

Laryngeal Mask Airway Versus Other Airway Devices for Anesthesia in Children With an Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Respiratory Complications.

There is an association between upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and an increased incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs), which is a major risk for morbidity during pediatric anesthesia. The aim of the present study was to compare the risk of PRAEs among different airway devices during anesthesia in children with a URTI. A systematic review according to the Cochrane Handbook and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted. Only randomized clinical trials evaluating anesthesia in children with a URTI and who were submitted to any of the airway devices were included. From 1030 studies identified, 5 randomized clinical trials were included in the final analysis. There were no statistical differences between laryngeal mask airway (LMA®) and endotracheal tube (ETT) regarding breath holding or apnea (risk ratio [RR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-1.65), laryngospasm (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.18-2.95), and arterial oxygen desaturation (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.16-1.17). The quality of evidence was low for the first outcome and very low for the 2 other outcomes, respectively. The LMA use produced a significant reduction of cough (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.96, low quality of evidence) compared with ETT. The ideal airway management in children with a URTI remains obscure given that there are few data of perioperative respiratory complications during anesthesia. This systematic review demonstrates that LMA use during anesthesia in children with URTI did not result in decrease of the most feared PRAEs. However, LMA was better than ETT in reducing cough. Further research is needed to define the risks more clearly because cough and laryngospasm have similar triggers, and both bronchospasm and laryngospasm trigger cough.

Systematics and biogeography of Cuban porcelain crabs (Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae).

Marine crustaceans are a well-known invertebrates group in Cuban waters, but some taxa are not well catalogued and the literature about them is scattered. In this work, we present the checklist of porcelain crabs of Cuban Archipelago, including the literature registers and unpublished author's data. A key to the identification of 8 genera and 23 species of the Cuban porcelain crabs is provided. Information about the local distribution of species is presented. In addition, we analyzed the porcelain crab faunal affinities between the ecoregions of the Cuban platform, Greater Antilles islands and the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic (TNA) province. For the first time, we record the presence of the monotypic genus Parapetrolisthes Haig in Cuba. On the Cuban platform, the highest similarities are between the Southcentral and Northwestern ecoregions (50%) and between Northcentral and Northeastern (40%). In the Greater Antilles, Cuba and Puerto Rico are the most similar (54%), but in general, the porcelain crab composition shows a high variation (e. g. 19% between Hispaniola and Puerto Rico). In the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic, five homogeneous groups of porcelain crab species are distinguished. Cuban fauna is most similar to that of Floridian, Western Caribbean and Southern Gulf of Mexico ecoregions. The decrease in species richness is evident from south to north in the TNA Province.

Diseño conceptual de un sistema nuclear avanzado para la transmutación de desechos y aplicaciones energéticas sostenibles / Conceptual desing of advanced nuclear system for waste transmutation and sustainable energy applications

En el trabajo se evaluaron los avances en el diseño conceptual de un sistema transmutador de lecho de bolas refrigerado por gas. El dispositivo permite aplicaciones energéticas de alta eficiencia en modo de cogeneración, tanto para la producción de electricidad como calor de alta temperatura para la producción de hidrógeno. Una característica particular del sistema es su operación en modo subcrítico, manejado por una fuente de neutrones activada por un acelerador. Lo anterior produce una significativa ventaja desde el punto de vista de la seguridad y flexibilidad en la operación con tipos de combustible nuclear no tradicionales, lo que posibilita reducir las cantidades de residuos nucleares y además aprovecharlos para la producción de energía con una alta eficiencia. En el trabajo se evaluaron las posibilidades del sistema para trasmutar los desechos del combustible gastado de los reactores nucleares de agua ligera.

In this paper the progress in the conceptual design of a gas cooled pebble bed transmuter system was evaluated. This device allows highly efficient energy applications in cogeneration mode, both, for electricity power production and high temperature heat for hydrogen production. A particular feature of the system is subcritical operation mode, driven by a neutron source activated by an accelerator. This produces a significant advantage from the point of view of safety and operational flexibility in the operation of nuclear non-standard fuel types, allowing the possibility of reducing the amount of nuclear waste and also using them for high efficiency energy production. The possibilities of the system to transmute nuclear reactors spent fuel wastes into light water were evaluated.